In general, high-capacity capacitors use aluminum electrolytic capacitors.The first generation of Prius smoothing capacitors is the case.If the average 1μF manufacturing costs point of view, in most cases aluminum electrolytic capacitors cheaper than film capacitors.However, if the voltage of the inverter is further increased, it is difficult to cope with the aluminum electrolytic capacitor.Currently put into practical 1000μF aluminum electrolytic capacitor voltage is about 500V or so, so the voltage must be lower than the data.So in order to be used in hybrid vehicles, it must be two electrolytic capacitors in series.
In addition, due to the movement of ions, aluminum electrolytic capacitors generally have low responsivity, and it is more difficult to support the current that is turned on or off at tens of kHz. To support currents higher than 100 A at high frequencies, it may be necessary to prepare a product with an order of magnitude of 10,000 μF rated. If responsivity is low, discharge will begin before the charge build-up is completed, so capacity will not be exhausted. And the capacity of 10000μF, the electrolytic capacitors in the cost advantage will be weakened.
As a result, the film capacitor has become the mainstream. This is because the film can be made of polypropylene (PPC) material with high breakdown voltage and high frequency band and low equivalent series resistance (ESR).
Smoothing capacitors for hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles are required to (1) realize miniaturization, (2) increase heat resistance, and (3) improve safety in order to meet the two conditions of supporting high voltage and high frequency.
In order to achieve the miniaturization mentioned in (1), the volumetric density per unit volume increased by about 15% over the previous product. The film thickness of the 2007 product was about 3 μm, while the thickness of the film was thinner (Figure 2). Since the capacitor element is formed after the thin film is sandwiched between the electrodes, the thinner the thin film is, the shorter the distance between the electrodes is, so that the capacity can be increased while reducing the volume.
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